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Basic PA Building Blocks

The diagram below shows the basic PA building blocks. Click here for set up with a snake/multi-core.

Basic building blocks a of a PA system


Source

These are the main sound sources (instruments) put through the PA. Typically, these would be microphones and keyboards but could also include electric/acoustic guitars, basses, drums or CD players.

Mixer
 

The mixer is the device for balancing the volume between the various instruments. The mixer may be passive (un-powered) or active (powered). A powered mixed has a amplifier incorporated so that you do not need a separate amplifier. Most mixers have an effect (FX) send/return facility so that you can process individual instruments with FX such as reverb or delay. Some mixers have FX built into the mixer. These are typically called DSP - Digital Sound Processors. An additional facility on a mixer is a monitor/foldback send button. This allows you to send and control the signals sent to the monitor speakers.

Monitors
 

If you are playing at anything other than the lowest volume, then it will be difficult to hear what is coming out of the PA speakers when you are on stage. Monitors help you get a better idea and also help you to sing in tune! Monitors can be powered or non-powered. We would always suggest powered monitors as you can control the level of the monitors from the stage. If you have un-powered monitors then you will need a separate monitor amplifier.

Amp

The main amplifier.

Speakers
 

The are the main front of house (FOH) speakers. These can either be passive (un-powered) connected to the Amplifier or powered, where they are connected directly to the PA.

Basic set up using a snake/multicore

A set up using a snake allows a sound engineer to mix the sound from the back of the hall. A typical set up is shown below.

Basic PA system set up using snake / multicore



Mixers Limitations
  Using a snake precludes the use of a powered mixer as you can not put the output of an amplifier down a snake/multi-core cable.
Amplifier positioning
  The amplifier must be located on the stage area and take the line outs from the mixer via the snake. You may however use either an amplifier plus passive speakers or powered speakers.
Source cable runs
  In order to use a snake, any connected source instrument should be able to either use a balanced cable (e.g. microphones) or be at line level (e.g. keyboards). If you put the output of a guitar down a long cable run, you will loose signal strength and high frequencies.

If you are connecting an acoustic guitar directly which does not have a low impedance/balanced output, then you will need to deploy a Direct Injection (DI) Box.

Cables, snakes and DI boxes are available in the Online Shop - click here.

Need help and advice?
  Give us a ring if you need any help, or try out our unique What PA Designer - just answer a few simple questions about your band and we'll design the perfect set up just for you, and offer you a special package discount!
 
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